Elastic-fluid turbine



June 23, 1925. 1,543,172

F. LOSEL ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Filed Aug. 4, 1923 a 01 a is g b a 1 .9 d j flll -k Ila/v aim/Tor F. Lfisel Patented June 23, 1925.

PATENT -r:11=-1cr;

F 115?" P N CZEQ Q LQV F A- ,EPASZ-FIC-FPUID e enneapplication filed {Lugnst 4, 1923. Serial No. 55,720. 7

To all whom it may concern:

" Be-it known that I, FRANzLosE L, a citizen )ofthe Republic of Czechoslovakia, and

residing at Brunn, Gzechoslovakia, have'invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relatingto Elastic-Fluid Turbines, ofwhich'the following is a specification. i This invention relates to elastic-fluid turbines 0i the high-pressure type, and the 10 main objects ,of'this invention are to improve the high-pressure Iturbine I constructions, to reduce 'the weight, casing-dimensions, machining work and waste of'inaterial due thereto, and'manufacturing costs of'sl ich turbines, while very considerably increasing their reliability and afety,

Such castings must be madeof considerable thicknessto give the desired stren oh and conseqnently are very heavy and :bu ky' and preportionally expensiye'to manufacture. Such thickness and bulk do not, however, assure completesafety against cracking or explosionan'd in some'respects even 1ncrea sethe danger for, although such casings with thick walls or ribbed construction are fully capable of withstandingvthe fluidpres- "sure, theyare not so capable ofwithstandlng the heat expansionstresses resulting from the existence of very high temperatures inside thecasing and moderate temperatures at the outside thereof. Such heatzexp'ansion stresses are very great and due to their in equality are very" dangerouSQ I I A' further disadvantage connected withthe 3 use of cast'fmaterialconsistsin this th'atTsuch material is- "porous, sucks up steam at the machined places and becomes spongy, which results, more particularly whenth'ei' pressures and temperatures are high, in deleterious conditions due to expansions and strains, which may have a bad eflcton the working of the turbine and may lead to disaster.

For reducing the weight of turbines, it has already been proposed to make the parts pf the casing out of a solid roughly forged block by machiningthe internal and external surfaces, as is-for instanceusual-inthe caseof the cylinders of motor cars, and aeroplane englnes. 'ThlS method, however, has

the great disadvantage that both the 'construction and the manufacture are connected with very" great difficulties and that the manufacturing costs are very "high, owing to the great nnmber of places to be machined r n the g e t quant t 9f ma r al wa t Hencethis method of manufacture is out of the question at the present time for large high' pressure steamor gas turbines.

Ithas also been proposed to constructthe turbine casing and internal parts entirely of sheet metal. A construction of this kind Would have the adva'ntage of low weight,

:but has not been taken up to any extent in practice, as it is difiilcult to make the internal parts with sufficient accuracy and turbine casings ofthis kind easily become distorted and are not sufficiently rigid. The result of this would be, that those internal parts,

more particularly the guide blade carriers, which are connected to the casing, would be exposed to inadmissible changes of position. This well-known constructien has the further disadvantage that the internal parts are connected to the casing at many points, which interferes with'the heat expansions.

Thepresent' invention is 'based on the recognition of the fact that, for obtaining the requisite rigidity for thecasing, even in the case of large'turbines' the casing should consist not wholly, but only partly of cast material. I As the disadvantages of cast material mentioned above apply more particulady to the high pressure part of the casing, according to the invention only that part 'of the casing, which is subject to a higher driving fluid'pre'ssure, is' made'of rolled or pressed material, for instance, boiler plate, while that part of the casing, which is under va -lower pressure, and .theipart supporting the guides is made of cast material. In order to ensure that the parts supporting the guides maybe securely mounted and that they may be free to expand when heated, these supporting parts "are only connected to the low pressure partof the casing, which is made of cast material or are cast" in one piece with the same.

The accompanying drawing shows a constructional example of theinvention,

' Figure 1 being a longitudinal section through a high pressure steam turbine and Figure '2 a cross-section on the line A:B of Fig. 1. I

The part aof the casing, which is" under high pressure, consists according to the invention of rolled or pressed material, for

instance of boilerplate. The distributing also consists of boiler plate. The feed pipes e for the driving 'fluid are fixed into the wall a by rolling or welding together, but can also be fixed by being riveted, screwed on or the like. The part a of the casing is connected by an annular flange f, which is also made of forged material, to the part 9 of the casing, which is under a lower pressure and is made of cast material. The parts a, (Z and f can be riveted, bolted, welded together or the like.

The part a of the casing, which is under a high pressure, may be built up in certain cases, of a number of plates riveted, bolted, welded or flan ed together.

Within the parts a; and f/ of the casing there is an inserted part g, which carries the guide blades and the like and is connected by a spacing ring it to thepart g of the casing, being held exactly centrally. Preferably the inserted part 9 is rigidly fixed to the part 9 of the casing or it may be in certain cases cast in one piece with it, which overcomes the diflicultyof centring and does away with the ring h. The rotor 2', which is only partly shown in the drawing, is constructed in the usual manner.

In the case ofhigh driving fluid pressures the usual horizontal division of the casing provides certain difficulties, owing to the many and thick connecting bolts that are required for providing the necessary strength'and obtaining a tight joint, for which reason it is preferable to divide the casing, which is under high pressure, only at right angles to the axis. In the example shown the high pressure part a of the casing is therefore made of rolled material in one piece, while the part 9 of the casing, in

which the pressure is lower, is made in two parts and is held together by the horizontal flanges j 1). a

The undivided part a of the casing is taken apart by loosening the flange screws 70, m and by displacing this part of the casing in the axial direction. The parts lying within the part a of the casing, such as the inserted part 9, further the highpressure glands and bearings n and the like must therefore be so designed as to allow ofthe part a of the casing being displaced axially. By the axial displacement of the :part a of the casing the interior of the turbine is exposed, after which the rest of the turbine may be taken to pieces in a simple manner. According to the present invention the advantages of the cast turbine casings areretained and their disadvantages are to a great extent overcome, while the whole construction is lighter and the manufacture simpler and cheaper, which is of special importance in the case of large turbines. The cast iron'part of the casing gives the whole turbine casing the requisite rigidity,

while the wrought iron part only takes up the stresses due to high pressure. By this means the stresses aredistributed in a favourable manner over the two parts of the casing consisting of different materials and deleterious effects due to heat, more particularly deformation and expansion due to heat, are avoided.

lVhat I claim is:

1. An elastic fluid turbine having a hgh pressure part and a low. pressure part, a

casing for the high pressure part and a casing for the low pressure part, blading for guiding the elasticfluid and a supporting part for the said blading, the high pressure part of the casing being madeof wrought metal, such as boilerplate, and the low pressure part of the casing and the supporting part for the guideblading being made made of wrought metal, as set forth.

.4. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising, in combination, a high pressure casing made of wrought metal, such as boiler-plate, a low-pressure casing made of cast metal, a rotor enclosing stator casing of cast metal forming an inwardly projecting part of said low-pressure casing, and concentrically spaced within the high-pressure casing.

5. An elastic-fluid turbine comprisingfln combination ahigh p'ressurelcasing made of wrought metal, such as boiler-plate, ,a low pressure casing made of, cast metaland connected with the rear end of the said high-pressure casing, a rotor enclosing stator casing also made of cast metal and forming an inwardly projecting part of the low-pressure casing which is concentrically spaced within the wrought metalcasing to form a space for the high-pressure fluid around'the rotor enclosing casing.

6. A casing for an elastic-fluid turbine comprising an outer high-pressure part formed of wrought metal and having at its high-pressure front end intake chambers for the high-pressureflu-id, nozzles fixed on said intake chambers, a low-pressure part made of cast metal at therear end, and a rotor enclosing stator casing also made of cast metal inwardly projecting from said lowpressure part to the nozzles on the intake chambers and said low pressure casing forming, with the other high-pressure casing, a space to be filled with the high pres sure fluid as a means to oppose the inner pressure of the fluid in the inner casing 7. In an elastic fluid turbine having a high pressure part and a low pressure part, great and irregular stresses which would blading for guiding the elastic fluid, a suparise in a thick cast casing for the high port for said blading, a cast metal casing pressure part.

for the low pressure part having the blading In testimony whereof I have signed my support connected therewith, and a relaname to this specification.

tively thin casing for the high pressure part FRANZ LOSEL. constructed of material of high tensile Wit strength, such as boiler plate, to avoid the MARIE DERUSSI. 

